Hand pain is a common complaint, especially as we age, but determining the cause is crucial for getting the proper treatment. Conditions like carpal tunnel syndrome, arthritis, and tendonitis can all cause discomfort in the hands or wrists. Yet, they differ significantly in their causes, symptoms, and how they’re treated.

Understanding the differences between carpal tunnel, arthritis, and tendonitis has helped many people find relief faster and avoid unnecessary treatments. If you’re experiencing pain, stiffness, or numbness in your hands, read on to learn how to tell these conditions apart and when it’s time to seek professional hand care.

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: Facts and Details

Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) occurs when the median nerve, which runs from your forearm into your hand, becomes compressed at the wrist, leading to a range of uncomfortable symptoms.

• Causes: Repetitive hand and wrist movements, like typing or using a computer mouse, can cause swelling in the carpal tunnel, putting pressure on the median nerve.
• Symptoms: Tingling, numbness, and pain in the fingers or hands, especially at night, are common. Many people describe a “pins and needles” sensation or a noticeable loss of grip strength.
• Limitations: CTS can interfere with everyday tasks like typing, writing, or holding objects for extended periods.
• Treatments: Initial approaches often include wrist splints, activity modification, and anti-inflammatory medications. In persistent cases, carpal tunnel release surgery may be recommended to relieve nerve pressure.

Hand Arthritis: Facts and Details

Arthritis in the hands and wrists is a common cause of pain, especially with age. Osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis are the most frequently seen types.

• Causes: Osteoarthritis results from wear and tear of joint cartilage. Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disorder that causes the immune system to attack the joints.
• Symptoms: Joint stiffness, swelling, and pain are typical, especially after rest. Morning stiffness and reduced finger mobility are common, and in advanced stages, joint deformities can develop.
• Limitations: Simple tasks like gripping, opening jars, or writing can become difficult.
• Treatments: Nonsurgical treatments include medications, splinting, and physical therapy. Severe cases may require joint fusion or replacement surgery.

Hand Tendonitis: Facts and Details

Tendonitis is inflammation or irritation of a tendon, often caused by overuse or repetitive movements.

• Causes: Common triggers include repetitive gripping, twisting, or typing. A common form, De Quervain’s tenosynovitis, affects tendons around the thumb.
• Symptoms: Pain with movement, localized swelling, and a feeling of tightness or weakness in the hand. Warmth or redness may also appear around the affected area.
• Limitations: Tasks like holding a phone, using tools, or even turning a doorknob can become painful and difficult.
• Treatments: Rest, ice, anti-inflammatory medications, and splints are first-line treatments. Persistent cases may benefit from physical therapy or, rarely, injections or surgery.

Carpal Tunnel vs. Arthritis vs. Tendonitis: A Simple Comparison

When To See a Specialist: Which Type of Specialist To Consult

If you’re dealing with ongoing pain in your hands or fingers, it’s essential to see the right specialist for an accurate diagnosis and treatment.

• Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: See an orthopedic hand specialist or neurologist. They can confirm CTS through nerve tests and recommend treatments ranging from splints to surgery.
• Arthritis: An orthopedic doctor or rheumatologist can help, depending on whether your arthritis is due to wear and tear or an autoimmune condition.
• Tendonitis: Start with an orthopedic hand specialist or physical therapist. Most cases improve with therapy, but persistent symptoms may require injections or surgery.

If you’re unsure which type of specialist to consult, your primary care doctor can help direct you to the right expert based on your symptoms.

FAQ: Carpal Tunnel vs. Arthritis vs. Tendonitis

SCOI Board-Certified Hand Specialists

At SCOI, our team of board-certified hand specialists is equipped with the latest diagnostic tools and treatment options to help you get relief from hand pain. From advanced digital X-rays and MRI imaging to surgical options, we offer comprehensive care tailored to your needs. Our hand specialists work with you to develop a personalized treatment plan that focuses on getting you back to a more comfortable and active lifestyle.

Schedule an appointment with our experts today to get the diagnosis and treatment you need for your hand pain.